Electrophysiology Unit (EPU) Practice Exam

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• Which statement about the structural matrix of tissue in RF vs Cryo is true?
• Which of the following can affect signal quality and noise?
• Who handles patient sedation, anesthesia, and monitors patient status during the procedure?
• Vagal responses can occur during pulmonary vein isolation (PVI).
• What is the typical site of a transseptal puncture?
• Which device is used to deliver pacing impulses to the heart during EP procedures?
• A bipolar recording measures activity between two sequential electrodes.
• What is the primary function of the signal amplifier in electrophysiology equipment?
• Repeated freezing cycles in cryoablation are used to enhance irreversible cell death via ice formation.
• Polarity configuration, which measures activity between two sequential electrodes, is referred to as?
• Which system directly receives, records, and displays all ECG/EGM signals from ECG electrodes and EP catheters?
• The use of irrigation of the ablation electrode has a positive effect in all the following aspects of energy delivery EXCEPT
• Focal tachycardia can be due to
• Triggered activity can be caused by delayed after-depolarization (DAD) or which other mechanism?
• A narrow complex tachycardia is defined by which of the following?
• What structure is located at the junction of the right atrium and the superior vena cava?
• Phase 0 in cardiac muscle cells is caused by the opening of which channels?
• Which structure forms the anterior wall of the right atrium?
• In cryoablation injury, which component relates to thawing period?
• The thawing period in cryoablation is associated with which of the following?
• Which capability is not provided by both transesophageal echocardiography and intracardiac echocardiography?
• In an EP laboratory, which component is considered the central unit for recording electrophysiological activity?
• What forms the entire anterior wall of the right atrium?
• The corrected SNRT (CSNRT) value is derived by calculating which of the following?
• During AVNRT, using the slow pathway can cause the AH interval to what?
• All of the following tissue characteristics are required to sustain a reentry circuit EXCEPT
• In a reentry circuit, what term describes a narrow channel that connects two conductive regions?
• Ablation location for AV nodal reentrant tachycardia
• Which device is used to deliver pacing stimuli to the heart?
• Cardioversion delivers energy that is synchronized to which part of the cardiac cycle to restore normal sinus rhythm?
• PVI stands for Pulmonary Vein Isolation.
• Which statement best reflects expectations of Industry Employed Allied Professionals during EP lab procedures?
• MRI is commonly used pre-procedurally to help plan ablation by identifying which of the following?
• Which component is primarily responsible for displaying the electrophysiological data after processing?
• Who preps the patient’s operating site, sets up the table and sterile field?
• Which structure can serve as a narrow channel in a reentry circuit, connecting two conductive regions?
• The warmest tissue temperatures during RF ablation are at the catheter tip and tissue interface.
• AVNRT involves dual AV nodal pathways (fast and slow).
• Cryoablation tissue injury is due to which mechanisms?
• What is the normal HV interval range?
• Which statement correctly reflects the rate of a serious complication with Arctic Front Advance Cryoballoon?
• During AVNRT, what pacing response should be observed following right ventricular pacing
• Which capability is not provided by either transesophageal echocardiography or intracardiac echocardiography?
• In a healthy person, the pericardial sac contains approximately how many milliliters of fluid?
• Which catheter site combination is NOT a standard placement for a diagnostic EP study?
• What is the normal AH interval range?
• Identify the anatomical components that comprise the triangle of Koch
• ___ electrograms include both local and far-field signals and represent a summation of all cardiac activity?
• Which of the following sets correctly identifies the components of the triangle of Koch?
• Which of the following does NOT positively affect lesion formation during Cryo ablation?
• Ablation location for typical flutter
• During PV isolation safety monitoring, which structure is paced to detect potential damage?
• Local heat sink effects during ablation produce which outcome?
• Which statement best describes cryoablation tissue injury?
• Which description correctly characterizes temperature control mode in RF ablation?
• Who operates the EP recording system, performs pacing protocols, and may perform ablation?
• The activation pattern in the coronary sinus electrodes during normal sinus rhythm is called which of the following?
• In AV nodal reentrant tachycardia, a premature beat causes a ___ block in the fast pathway and the impulse travels down the ___
• In RF lesion formation, tissue contact primarily allows which of the following effects?
• Which mechanism is a component of cryoablation tissue injury?
• With cryoablation, the cryo catheter adds cold to the tissue to create a lesion.
• Which statement about cryoablation injury is most accurate?
• Pacemaker cells have a resting potential similar to cardiac muscle cells. True or False?
• Triggered activity can be caused by which mechanism?
• Which heating process predominantly accounts for heat spreading from heated tissue to neighboring tissue during RF ablation?
• Which device is the first point of contact for acquiring cardiac electrical signals that will be amplified?
• Ablation location for nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT)
• The CS ostium is located on which wall?
• Which statement is true about RF energy modes?
• All humans can conduct impulses retrograde up the AV node. True or False?
• In AVNRT, a typical tachycardia jump occurs when the fast pathway is refractory and conduction travels down the slow pathway to the AV node, causing the AH interval to increase.
• What is the upper limit for the normal QT interval in males and females respectively?
• Which energy thermodynamics describes the temperature change of a gas undergoing expansion with no production of work and no heat transfer?
• What is the name of the narrow band of muscle between the IVC and the tricuspid valve?
• Accelerated phase 4 sodium leakage into cardiac cells is most closely associated with which mechanism?
• Which structure is located posterior to the tricuspid valve and low on the right atrial septum?
• What allows you to gain transseptal access and is located superior to CS Os?
• In electrophysiology, which interval represents conduction time between the atrium and the His bundle?
• During multifocal atrial tachycardia, the P-waves are of different morphology because
• The principal delay in cardiac depolarization impulse as it passes from the SA node to the ventricular myocardial cells occurs at the
• What is the principle observation for determining VAERP?
• What is the normal duration range for the QRS complex?
• The goal of a diagnostic EP study is
• Reentrant circuits do not require two separate pathways with different refractory periods or conduction velocities. True or False?
• EKG leads are used to measure which of the following?
• Which RF ablation mode is designed to reach and maintain a target tissue temperature?
• The optimal placement of the grounding pad is
• To display signals from a catheter during an EP study, the catheter must be connected to which device?
• In RF ablation, which mode is used to achieve a target tissue temperature?
• Which of the following best describes the purpose of evaluating conduction intervals during EP study?
• Which statement about phrenic nerve injury risk is correct?
• A wide QRS complex can occur in SVT with a block in the HIS-Purkinje system.
• Cryoadhesion provides what benefits during cryoablation?
• Which combination of practices can mitigate damage to the esophagus during ablation?
• Ablation location for ischemic VT
• Which statement best describes a bipolar recording?
• Which EP device is used to deliver electrical pacing impulses during stimulation protocols?
• Phases 1 and 2 are absent in the action potential of which cell type?
• During RF lesion formation, which heating mechanism primarily heats tissue in immediate contact with the electrode?
• Which anatomical structure contains a small amount of normal fluid in healthy individuals?
• Which combination of EP catheters is typically placed for a diagnostic EP study?
• During cryoablation, microcirculatory compromise contributing to tissue injury occurs during which phase?
• Triggered arrhythmias are caused by after-depolarization.
• Which structure is one of the components of the triangle of Koch and lies near the tricuspid valve?
• The statement 'The phrenic nerve runs posterior to the right sided pulmonary veins' is true or false?
• Which term describes the measurement obtained directly from a catheter inside the heart?
• Which statement about intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) is true?
• In RF ablation, which mode delivers RF energy to achieve a set temperature?
• Repolarization allows for which of the following?
• When pacing near the reentrant circuit for entrainment mapping, a PPI equal to the TCL is an observation of
• Which filter passes frequencies higher than its cutoff while blocking lower frequencies?
• Purkinje fibers are best described as:
• Who is in charge of the procedure and is part of the sterile field?
• Standard irrigated RF catheters were designed to address challenges such as lesion size, tissue overheating, and which of the following?
• Tachycardia that originate within the atria or above the ventricles is referred to as
• What is the reported rate category for atrioesophageal fistula with Arctic Front Advance Cryoballoon?
• A wide QRS complex during SVT can occur if there is conduction through an accessory pathway into the ventricle (antegrade conduction).
• Compared to the repolarization time of the slow pathway, the repolarization time of the fast pathway is:
• The coronary sinus ostium is located on which wall of the right atrium?
• Which device is used to deliver energy to ablate tissue during EP procedures?
• Which statement about differences between RF and Cryo biophysics is true?
• Which of the following factors affect lesion size formation with RF?
• Entrainment without fusion is best described as which of the following?
• What is the standard paper speed for electrocardiogram tracings?
• The contraction of the right ventricle supplies oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. True or False?
• Which option is not a filter type?
• Which structure can hinder access to the coronary sinus ostium?
• Which value from the following is presented as a normal AH interval in the example?
• The cardiac muscle cells are ___, they require the pacemaker cells to ___ them.
• If SVT terminates without atrial activation upon cessation of ventricular pacing, the pacing maneuver excludes which mechanism?
• Lack of tissue capture may be a result of which of the following factors?
• Lack of tissue capture may result from which of the following factors?
• Which component is responsible for converting analog EKG signals to digital data?
• Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of tachycardia activation?
• The EP recording system receives signals from which component after they have been acquired and filtered?
• What does NSR stand for in cardiology?
• The sinoatrial node serves as the pacemaker in the normal heart because it:
• During phase 2 of the action potential, Ca2+ influx into the cell causes
• Measured activity between two electrode pairs is referred to as which of the following?
• What is the normal PR interval range?
• Phase 0 depolarization in ventricular myocytes is driven by opening of which channels?
• Which RF ablation mode adjusts energy to reach a set temperature?
• Transesophageal echocardiography is the imaging modality of choice to detect intracardiac thrombus.
• Which of the following best describes symptoms that may accompany AVNRT?
• Repetitive freeze cycles during cryoablation primarily enhance irreversible cell death via ice formation.
• The use of irrigated tip catheters has the following benefits during RF delivery EXCEPT
• The Cavotricuspid isthmus is described as which anatomical relation?
• Which practice helps minimize radiation exposure during EP procedures?
• Which statement is true about tamponade during AF ablation?
• Cryotherapy injury mechanisms include ice formation both extracellularly and intracellularly.
• Which autonomic nervous system mediates the fight or flight response, increasing heart rate and contractility?
• Which mechanism provokes the most immediate cell death?
• A delta wave is caused by antegrade conduction through an accessory pathway.
• Which statement correctly describes magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) relative to computed tomography (CT) in assessing cardiac structure and tissue?
• Phrenic nerve palsy is defined as not resolved after discharge, but by 12 months. Which option expresses this definition?
• The earliest atrial signal in the intracardiac electrograms during NSR appears in which channel?
• What is the rationale for pacing in the superior vena cava while ablating the right-sided (septal) pulmonary veins
• Which statement best describes cryoablation injury mechanisms?
• Which statement is true about cryoablation injury mechanisms?
• What is the correct sequence of normal antegrade conduction from the sinoatrial node to the ventricular myocardium?
• Which system is used to monitor blood pressure and provide hemodynamic data during EP procedures?
• RF energy delivery is primarily at the catheter tip.
• Ablation location for accessory pathways
• Irrigated RF catheters were designed to address which of the following challenges?
• Cryoadhesion provides
• In electrophysiology, which term describes the amplification of signal amplitude?
• Which statement about pacemaker resting potential is true?
• AVNRT is a reentrant tachycardia that involves dual AV nodal pathways.
• Thawing during cryotherapy contributes to cell membrane disruption.
• Which statement best describes RF lesion size formation?
• Which imaging modality is particularly used to assess tissue fibrosis and structural remodeling in the heart?
• Freeze duration influences lesion outcomes by which mechanism?
• Concentric activation in CS recordings refers to activation spreading around which structure?
• Which of the following conduction intervals is not within the normal range?
• Concealed entrainment is indicated when the pacing interval equals the tachycardia cycle length.